RaspberryPiWithQt5WebEngine

This is simple and basic guide to how setup self compiled qtwebengine on raspberry pi3 running Raspbian Stretch with webgl support using VC4 open source drivers.

If you are interested in older setup for Raspbian with close source drivers and toolchain from Broadcom you can find it here.

Setup

The setup is tested on Rasberry3 model B, and qt version we are going to compile is 5.13.1. We are going to use newest open source VC4 Gallium3D driver instead of old close source binaries from Broadcom. We are not going to use Bradcom toolchain since it has old 4.8 gcc compiler and to compile qtwebengine we need at least gcc 5.0. Raspbian Stretch ships with Binutils 2.28, GCC 6.3.0 and Glibc 2.24. Since we would like to use same Glibc version and try to avoid getting a lot of issues when trying to compiler older Glibc 2.24 with some more modern GCC, we are going to simply mirror Raspbian setup and reuse the same versions as Raspbian ships. Therefore we start with downloading sources and Raspbian image.

• let's create our workspace

mkdir -p ~/workspaces/raspberrypi-raspbian/image
mkdir -p ~/workspaces/raspberrypi-raspbian/toolchain/sources
mkdir -p ~/workspaces/raspberrypi-raspbian/qt/qt5

• let's now download archives

cd ~/workspaces/raspberrypi-raspbian/image
wget https://downloads.raspberrypi.org/raspbian/images/raspbian-2019-04-09/2019-04-08-raspbian-stretch.zip
cd ~/workspaces/raspberrypi-raspbian/toolchain/sources
wget https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/binutils/binutils-2.28.tar.bz2
wget https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gcc/gcc-6.3.0/gcc-6.3.0.tar.gz
tar xf gcc-6.3.0.tar.gz
tar xf binutils-2.28.tar.bz2

Please note, most likely you would like to download corresponding sha1 to verify the archives.

Sysroot

To be able to compile things we need a part of sysroot to be present on our build machine. As shown here you could simply start your Raspbian on the boards and then rsync over the network required libs and includes to host machine. Here is alternative way of doing the same but by mounting the image via loop device. The reason we need a copy it that we want to modify and adjust the symlinks in our sysroot.

• first lets extract Raspbian image

cd ~/workspaces/raspberrypi-raspbian/image
unzip 2019-04-08-raspbian-stretch.zip

• check the partition layout and note start sector of root partition (img2)

fdisk -u -l 2019-04-08-raspbian-stretch.img

Disk 2019-04-08-raspbian-stretch.img: 3.2 GiB, 3481272320 bytes, 6799360 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xcd48578f
Device                           Boot Start     End Sectors  Size Id Type
2019-04-08-raspbian-stretch.img1       8192   96042   87851 42.9M  c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
2019-04-08-raspbian-stretch.img2      98304 6799359 6701056  3.2G 83 Linux

• mount the root partition

mount -o loop,offset=$((512*98304)) -t ext4 2019-04-08-raspbian-stretch.img  /media/card/

• rsync what we need

cd ~/workspaces/raspberrypi-raspbian
rsync -avz /media/card/lib sysroot
rsync -avz /media/card/usr/include sysroot/usr
rsync -avz /media/card/usr/lib sysroot/usr

• adjust symlinks to be relative

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Kukkimonsuta/rpi-buildqt/master/scripts/utils/sysroot-relativelinks.py
chmod +x sysroot-relativelinks.py
./sysroot-relativelinks.py sysroot

Toolchain

To compile qt we need cross-compiler toolchain. There are many excellent tools to compile a toolchain for you like for example crosstool-ng or buildroot, however here we will compile gcc from scratch. Compiling a compiler is a bit tricky and requires few steps like:

• install linux headers, headers are required to make system calls from c library, needed to compile c library
• building biuntils to get cross-linker, cross-assembler and some other tools using your host compiler
• building first stage / bootstrap gcc, this basic compiler only with c language support and static linking
• building c library using first stage compiler
• building second stage gcc which uses c library and support for dynamic lining and c++ language

We already have a glibc compiled in our sysroot shipped by Rasbian , so we are going to cheat here a bit and skip bootstrapping of gcc and building glibc itself. We can simply use sysroot directly and just compile linker and final cross-compiler.

• first we do initial setup

export WORKSPACE_ROOT=~/workspaces/raspberrypi-raspbian/toolchain
export PREFIX=${WORKSPACE_ROOT}/toolchain
export TARGET=arm-linux-gnueabihf
export SYSROOT=${WORKSPACE_ROOT}/../sysroot
export PATH=${PREFIX}/bin:$PATH
mkdir -p ${PREFIX}
cd ${WORKSPACE_ROOT}

• let's build linker and assembler

mkdir -p build/binutils
pushd build/binutils
../../sources/binutils-2.28/configure --target=${TARGET} --prefix=${PREFIX} --with-arch=armv6 --with-fpu=vfp --with-float=hard --disable-multilib
make -j12
make install
popd

• we need extra GMP, MPFR and MPC libraries to be able to build gcc. This can be easily setup by running script in gcc source directory.

cd ~/workspaces/raspberrypi-raspbian/toolchain/sources/gcc-6.3.0
contrib/download_prerequisites

• let's now build gcc

mkdir -p build/gcc2
pushd build/gcc2
../../sources/gcc-6.3.0/configure --prefix=${PREFIX} --target=${TARGET} --with-sysroot=${SYSROOT} --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib --enable-multiarch --with-arch=armv6 --with-fpu=vfp --with-float=hard
make -j12
make install
popd

Note I got a compiler error so it might require you to edit raspberrypi-raspbian/toolchain/sources/gcc-6.3.0/gcc/ubsan.c line 1474 and change it to:

|| xloc.file[0] == '\0' || xloc.file[0] == '\xff'

Compiling Qt

As shown here we could do top level build of qt, but instead we are going to do prefix module builds just to show alternative way of building qt. We need three modules to have qtwebenigne up and running qtbase, qtdeclarative and qtwebenigne. What is important is to configure qt with linux-rasp-pi3-vc4-g++ device, since this specs contains newer vc4 opengl drivers. We also compile two backends for qpa, xcb to run it whin Rasbian window manager and eglfs to run as full screen single window application.

• configure qtbase, compile and install

cd ~/workspaces/raspberrypi-raspbian/qt/qt5
git clone git://code.qt.io/qt/qtbase.git
git checkout 5.13.1
mkdir -p ~/workspaces/raspberrypi-raspbian/qt/build/qtbase
cd ~/workspaces/raspberrypi-raspbian/qt/build/qtbase
~/workspaces/qt/qt5/qtbase/configure -release -opengl es2 -device linux-rasp-pi3-vc4-g++ \
-device-option CROSS_COMPILE=~/workspaces/raspberrypi-raspbian/toolchain/toolchain/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf- \
-opensource -confirm-license -nomake tests -nomake examples -verbose -no-pch -eglfs -xcb \
-sysroot /home/stefan/workspaces/raspberrypi-raspbian/sysroot \
-prefix /usr/local/qt/5.13 \
-extprefix /opt/qt/5.13/raspbian/sysroot \
-hostprefix /opt/qt/5.13/raspbian

make
make install

• compile qtdeclartive and install

cd ~/workspaces/raspberrypi-raspbian/qt/qt5
git clone git://code.qt.io/qt/qtdeclarative.git
git checkout 5.13.1
mkdir -p ~/workspaces/raspberrypi-raspbian/qt/build/qtdeclarative
cd ~/workspaces/qt/build/qtdeclarative
/opt/qt/5.13/raspbian/bin/qmake ~/workspaces/qt/qt5/qtdeclarative
make
make install

• compile qtwebengine and install

cd ~/workspaces/raspberrypi-raspbian/qt/qt5
git clone git://code.qt.io/qt/qtwebengine.git
git submodule init
git checkout 5.13.1
git submodule update
mkdir -p ~/workspaces/raspberrypi-raspbian/qt/build/qtwebengine
cd ~/workspaces/raspberrypi-raspbian/qt/build/qtwebengine
/opt/qt/5.13/raspbian/bin/qmake ~/workspaces/qt/qt5/qtwebengine
make
make install

• compile simple browser

mkdir -p ~/workspaces/raspberrypi-raspbian/qt/build/simplebrowser
cd ~/workspaces/raspberrypi-raspbian/qt/build/simplebrowser
/opt/qt/5.13/raspbian/bin/qmake ~/workspaces/qt/qt5/qtwebengine/examples/webenginewidgets/simplebrowser
make

Deploy

We still have our image mounted form sysroot step , in case you preferred to rsync sysroot over network, just replace rsync setps below with equivalent network location of your rasberrypi board.

• deploy with rsync

mkdir -p  /media/card/usr/local/qt/5.13
rsync -avz /opt/qt/5.13/raspbian/sysroot/ /media/card/usr/local/qt/5.13
cp ~/workspaces/raspberrypi-raspbian/qt/build/simplebrowser/simplebrowser /media/card/usr/local/bin/

• umount image

umount /media/card

• let's copy the image to sd card (replace sdX with proper device on your machine)

cd ~/workspaces/raspberrypi-raspbian/image
dd if=2019-04-08-raspbian-stretch.img of=/dev/sdX bs=4M

• boot it up, and switch to enable OpenGL (Full KMS) by running

raspi-config

• reboot
• to run simple browser within Raspbian Desktop (former PIXEL Desktop) open console or ssh

export DISPLAY=:0
export QTWEBENGINE_DISABLE_GPU_THREAD=1
/usr/local/bin/simplebrowser -platform xcb

• navigate to chrome://gpu/, you should see

• navigate to https://get.webgl.org/, you should see

• to run without x11 , simply ssh to the device and shut down login manager

systemctl stop lightdm
export QTWEBENGINE_DISABLE_GPU_THREAD=1
/usr/local/bin/simplebrowser -platform eglfs