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Qt for HarmonyOS/qt5 Host Build

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Native Compilation of Qt 5.12.12 on HarmonyOS PC (aarch64)

This article describes the complete workflow for setting up the build environment using the Harmonybrew package manager on a HarmonyOS PC (aarch64 architecture, Hongmeng kernel), natively compiling Qt 5.12.12 (the `tqtc/harmonyos-5.12.12` branch) from source, and packaging it into a HarmonyOS application.

1. Install Harmonybrew Package Manager

Harmonybrew is the Homebrew package manager for the HarmonyOS platform. Run the following command in your terminal to install it: 

zsh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://harmonybrew.atomgit.com/install.sh)"

Configure environment variables and append them to `~/.zshrc`: 

echo 'eval "$(/storage/Users/currentUser/.harmonybrew/bin/brew shellenv)"' >> ~/.zshrc
eval "$(/storage/Users/currentUser/.harmonybrew/bin/brew shellenv)"

2. Install Build Dependencies

Use Harmonybrew to install the toolchain and OpenHarmony SDK required for building Qt: 

brew install make              # GNU Make 4.4.1
brew install perl              # Perl (Qt build system dependency)
brew install python            # Python 3 (qtdeclarative module dependency)
brew install ninja             # Ninja build tool
brew install gperf             # gperf (Qt build dependency)
brew install ohos-sdk          # OpenHarmony SDK (includes sysroot + llvm toolchain + hdc)

3. Configure Environment Variables

Persist the OHOS SDK environment variables by writing them to `~/.zshrc`: 

cat >> ~/.zshrc << 'EOF'

# OHOS SDK environment variables (for Qt compilation)
export NATIVE_OHOS_SDK="/storage/Users/currentUser/.harmonybrew/opt/ohos-sdk/native"

# Add SDK's llvm/bin and Python to PATH
export PATH="$NATIVE_OHOS_SDK/llvm/bin:/storage/Users/currentUser/.harmonybrew/opt/python@3.14/libexec/bin:/storage/Users/currentUser/.harmonybrew/bin:$PATH"
EOF

source ~/.zshrc

4. Obtain Qt Source Code

Reference: How to obtain Qt for HarmonyOS source code

5. Configure Qt (Out-of-source Build)

Create an independent build directory outside the source tree and run `configure`: 

BUILD_DIR=/storage/Users/currentUser/workspace/Qt-5.12.12/qt5.12.12-build
INSTALL_DIR=/storage/Users/currentUser/Qt-5.12.12-harmonyos
SRC_DIR=/storage/Users/currentUser/Qt-5.12.12/tqtc-qt5

mkdir -p "$BUILD_DIR"
cd "$BUILD_DIR"

"$SRC_DIR/configure" \
    -platform ohos-native-clang \
    -opensource \
    -confirm-license \
    -release \
    -nomake tests \
    -nomake examples \
    -skip qtwebengine \
    -skip qtactiveqt \
    -skip qtandroidextras \
    -skip qtcanvas3d \
    -skip qtfeedback \
    -skip qtgamepad \
    -skip qtmacextras \
    -skip qtpim \
    -skip qtpurchasing \
    -skip qtremoteobjects \
    -skip qtsystems \
    -skip qtwayland \
    -skip qtwinextras \
    -skip qtx11extras \
    -skip qtvirtualkeyboard \
    -prefix "$INSTALL_DIR" \
    QMAKE_CXXFLAGS+="-Wno-error" \
    QMAKE_CFLAGS+="-Wno-error"

Key Parameter Descriptions:

  • `-platform ohos-native-clang`: Uses the OHOS native compilation mkspec (for native compilation on arm64 devices).
  • `QMAKE_CXXFLAGS+="-Wno-error"` / `QMAKE_CFLAGS+="-Wno-error"`: Disables `-Werror` to prevent the build from failing due to strict warnings from newer Clang compiler versions.

6. Compilation and Installation

Perform a parallel build utilizing all CPU cores: 

cd "$BUILD_DIR"
make -j$(nproc)

Note: During multi-core parallel compilation, if individual modules fail due to race conditions, simply rerun `make -j$(nproc)` to resume. The build is successful when the output consists entirely of "Nothing to be done".

Run the installation after compilation finishes: 

make install

7. Verify the Installation

1. Check the `qmake` version: 

"$INSTALL_DIR/bin/qmake" --version

Expected output: 

QMake version 3.1
Using Qt version 5.12.12 in /storage/Users/currentUser/Qt-5.12.12-harmonyos/lib

2. Check core libraries and the QPA platform plugin: 

ls "$INSTALL_DIR/lib/libQt5Core.so" \
   "$INSTALL_DIR/lib/libQt5Gui.so" \
   "$INSTALL_DIR/lib/libQt5Widgets.so" \
   "$INSTALL_DIR/lib/libQt5Qml.so" \
   "$INSTALL_DIR/lib/libQt5Quick.so"

# Check OHOS QPA platform plugin
ls "$INSTALL_DIR/plugins/platforms/libqohos.so"

Appendix: Packaging and Building HarmonyOS Applications

Write Project Files

Create a simple Qt/QML application (e.g., in a directory named `myapp`):

`myapp.pro`: 

QT += qml quick gui
CONFIG += c++11 qt qml
TEMPLATE = lib
CONFIG -= app_bundle
TARGET = myapp
SOURCES += main.cpp
RESOURCES += qml.qrc

Compile the Application Library

Set environment variables in the terminal and invoke the compiled `qmake` to build the shared library: 

export NATIVE_OHOS_SDK="/storage/Users/currentUser/.harmonybrew/opt/ohos-sdk/native"
export PATH="$NATIVE_OHOS_SDK/llvm/bin:/storage/Users/currentUser/.harmonybrew/opt/python@3.14/libexec/bin:/storage/Users/currentUser/.harmonybrew/bin:$PATH"

/storage/Users/currentUser/Qt-5.12.12-harmonyos/bin/qmake myapp.pro
make -j$(nproc)
# Build artifact: libmyapp.so (ELF 64-bit arm64, target aarch64-linux-ohos)

Deployment and Packaging

1. Use `openharmonydeployqt` to deploy templates: 

/storage/Users/currentUser/Qt-5.12.12-harmonyos/bin/openharmonydeployqt \
    --template-dir /storage/Users/currentUser/tqtc-qt5/qtbase/src/harmonyos/templates \
    --output-dir /path/to/deploy \
    --library /path/to/libmyapp.so \
    --sdk-dir /storage/Users/currentUser/.harmonybrew/opt/ohos-sdk

2. Copy dependent libraries to the project directory: 

# Copy Qt core dependent libraries and plugins
cp /storage/Users/currentUser/Qt-5.12.12-harmonyos/lib/libQt5{Core,Gui,Qml,Quick,Network}.so deploy/entry/libs/arm64-v8a/
cp /storage/Users/currentUser/Qt-5.12.12-harmonyos/plugins/platforms/libqohos.so deploy/entry/libs/arm64-v8a/

# Copy C++ runtime library
find /storage/Users/currentUser/.harmonybrew/opt/ohos-sdk/native -name "libc++_shared.so" -exec cp {} deploy/entry/libs/arm64-v8a/ \;

3. Modify the application entry point to load the library: Edit `deploy/entry/src/main/ets/common/QtAppConstants.ets` and change `APP_LIBRARY_NAME` to the name of the generated dynamic library: 

export const APP_LIBRARY_NAME = 'libmyapp.so';

4. Open the `deploy/` directory using DevEco Studio to directly build, sign, and deploy to your device.

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